As emperor of Ethiopia at the turn of the 20th century, Menelik II maintained his country’s independence in the face of foreign threats and expanded Ethiopia’s territory. Who Was Menelik II? Menelik II (also written as Menilek; 1844-1913) became emperor of Ethiopia in 1889. After his army defeated Italian forces at the Battle of Adwa (also written as Adowa) in 1896, Ethiopia’s independence was recognized by Italy and other European countries that were colonizing Africa. During Menelik’s reign, Ethiopia remained independent, thanks in part to his strategic alliances. Success in battle and Ethiopia’s independence also made Menelik a powerful symbol … Continue reading Menelik II Biography (1844–1913)