(TH) – Abiy Ahmed’s Ethiopia-first nationalism has triggered a tumultuous chapter in Ethiopia’s history, as his perceived supremacy and self-aggrandizement have led the nation to the brink of disaster. With roots entwined in both the Oromo and Amhara groups, his leadership was once seen as a beacon for unity and reform. Yet, the reality has turned starkly different, with Abiy making expensive and ostentatious displays of power—$13 billion palaces, drone shows, and lavish park developments—while essential services, like hospitals and education, plead for resources. The palace he builds stands as a stark contrast to the needs of everyday citizens who are struggling to find their next meal.

Is this genuine progress, or is Ethiopia merely being misled by illusions of grandeur?

Abiy Ahmed’s Perception of Superiority

Abiy Ahmed perceives himself as superior to the Ethiopian populace, likening his authority to that of a deity. This perception is rooted in his belief that he possesses the unparalleled power to both devastate and rescue Ethiopia.

Abiy Ahmed’s Divine Authority Complex

Beliefs of Power Over Devastation and Rescue

Abiy Ahmed carries an extraordinary belief in his divine authority, imagining himself as a savior with the sole discretion to alter the fate of Ethiopia. This complex is reflected in his approach to leadership, manifesting through bold decisions that oscillate between the potential for devastation and the promise of rescue. He envisions his policies as the fulcrum upon which Ethiopia’s entire future balances, asserting his narrative and dismissing dissent as misinformed.

Relationship with the TPLF

History of TPLF Affiliation

Before assuming the helm of Ethiopia, Abiy Ahmed was enlisted by the Tigray People’s Liberation Front (TPLF). This affiliation played a crucial role in his political journey, providing him with insights into the intricate landscape of Ethiopian politics. Although their relationship eventually soured, the ties with the TPLF mark a significant chapter in Abiy’s political saga, shedding light on his past alliances and the strategic maneuvers that propelled him into the limelight.

Impact on Ethnic Politics

The TPLF’s impact on the dynamics of ethnic politics in Ethiopia cannot be overlooked. Their political strategies, primarily revolving around ethnic federalism, introduced a new paradigm that has deeply affected the Tigray and Amhara regions. Abiy Ahmed’s affiliation with this faction adds layers to his political persona, intertwining his leadership with the systemic ethnic complexities that continue to challenge the nation’s unity. His past association with the TPLF, and the enduring legacy of the ethnic political framework they endorsed, remains a contentious and pivotal element of his political identity.

Reforms and National Unity Efforts

Initial Reforms Post-2018

Overview of Key Reforms

After taking the helm in April 2018, Abiy Ahmed embarked on an ambitious reform agenda intended to revitalize Ethiopia and promote harmony among its diverse societies. One of the first monumental moves was lifting the state of emergency that had been imposed due to civil unrest, symbolizing a fresh dawn for freedom and democracy.

Significant efforts were also made to dissolve the existing media censorship, giving rise to a more open and robust press. This was a bold move, allowing Ethiopians to access diverse perspectives and engage in dialogue on national issues.

Furthermore, Abiy Ahmed went on to release thousands of political prisoners, a step that mended many societal rifts and encouraged political dialogue. He extended olive branches to various opposition groups in exile, inviting them to return and participate in the democratic process. These reforms were met with optimism from many quarters, hailed as a new era for Ethiopia.

Peace Agreement Initiatives

Steps Toward National Unity

Abiy Ahmed’s tenure witnessed remarkable strides towards securing peace and fostering national unity, most notably through the historic peace agreement with neighboring Eritrea. This epoch-making accord effectively ended a bitter conflict that had been festering for nearly two decades, reopening diplomatic and economic channels that crucially needed mending.

The initiative extended beyond mere politics, significantly impacting the socio-economic weave of both countries. Trade routes reopened, cultural exchanges recommenced, and families separated by the long-standing conflict were joyously reunited. This agreement not only earned Abiy Ahmed international applause, securing him the prestigious Nobel Peace Prize in 2019, but also provided a beacon of hope for harmony across Africa.

At home, efforts to promote unity were stepped up through dialogues that engaged various regional leaders, aiming to address ethnic tensions and foster cooperation. By seeking more inclusive political discourse, Abiy Ahmed aimed to weave a new narrative for Ethiopia—one of solidarity, peace, and shared destiny.

Abiy Ahmed’s Ethiopia-first Nationalism and Civil War

Abiy Ahmed’s rise to power brought with it a strong stance on Ethiopia-first nationalism, a policy that emphasized the unity and sovereignty of the Ethiopian state above all else. This approach, rooted in a desire to consolidate national identity and sovereignty, however, unfolded into complex challenges. The Ethiopia-first policies often prioritised central government authority and top-down decision-making, harkening back to traditional governance structures that may have overlooked regional diversities. Proponents argue that such nationalism aimed to unify a country fragmented by decades of ethnic federalism, while critics worry that it fueled centralization at the expense of ethnic representation and autonomy.

Overview of Ethiopia-first Policies

Abiy Ahmed’s Ethiopia-first policies were driven by the belief in strong central governance. These policies aimed to transcend ethnic divisions by promoting a singular national identity.

• Centralization: Emphasized on reducing the influence of ethnic federal structure.
• National Identity: Sought to create a cohesive Ethiopian national identity over regional identities.
• Sovereign Rights: Prioritized Ethiopia’s interests in regional geopolitics, especially concerning the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD).

The overarching goals were to mitigate the ethnic divides that have long characterised Ethiopian politics and to strengthen national unity. However, this drive was met with resistance and pushback from ethnic groups who felt their rights and representations were being undermined.

Civil War in Amhara Region

The Amhara region, a pivotal area in Ethiopia’s historic and political landscape, became one of the most affected by the ensuing civil war. Abiy Ahmed’s government found itself in a complex quagmire, navigating the claims of ethnic conflict and increasing tension between ethnic groups.

Claims of Ethnic Conflict

Claims began surfacing regarding the rivalry between Amhara and other ethnic groups, especially the Oromo, which was compounded by disputes over territory and identity. Abiy Ahmed’s narrative often labelled ethnic groups as antagonistic forces opposing federalism, thus exacerbating existing divides.

• Historical Rivalries: Longstanding tensions between Amhara and Tigray, and between Amhara and Oromo.
• Political Narrative: Government rhetoric, at times, framed Amhara as collaborators with federal opposition forces.

Impact on Tensions Between Ethnic Groups

The impact of these policies further inflamed tensions among ethnic groups, as the centralised government narrative became the backdrop against which various communities gauged their own standing and future.

• Secessionist Movements: Certain ethnic groups expressed desires for greater autonomy and, in some cases, secession.
• Humanitarian Crisis: Escalation of conflict led to numerous displacements and human rights concerns.

Abiy Ahmed’s efforts to harness a form of Ethiopia-first nationalism arguably led to unintended consequences. The aim to transcend ethnic lines backfired into deeper divisions because of the forced top-down identity enforcement and failure to adequately address the historical grievances and autonomy concerns of Ethiopia’s diverse ethnic groups.

Criticism of Abiy Ahmed’s Administration

Abiy Ahmed’s administration has faced significant criticism regarding its handling of economic priorities and controversies. There’s an ongoing debate about whether the government’s spending aligns with the nation’s urgent needs.

Economic Priorities and Spending

Palace Construction Controversy

The construction of the new palace for nearly 10 billion dollars has sparked outrage among Ethiopians. Critics argue that investing such a colossal amount in a palace is insensitive, given the economic struggles and the urgent need for basic services across the country. For many, this project seems more like a pursuit of grandeur rather than addressing pressing national issues.

Investment in Parks and Recreation

Abiy’s administration has also been under fire for prioritizing the development of parks and recreational facilities. While such investments have the potential to improve urban living standards, the timing draws criticism. Many believe the funds allocated for these projects could be better used to support critical sectors like health and education, directly impacting the everyday lives of Ethiopians.

Public Reactions and Controversies

Drone Shows Amidst Economic Stress

The lavish drone shows have been a point of contention, especially against the backdrop of a struggling economy. While these displays are impressive technological feats intended to showcase progress and uplift national pride, they have been labeled as frivolous when many citizens face pressing economic hardships. Critics argue that these shows do little to alleviate the core issues plaguing Ethiopia’s development.

Criticism from Healthcare Professionals

Healthcare professionals have been vocal about their dissatisfaction with the current administration. The prioritization of extravagant displays over the dire state of the healthcare system has drawn ire from those within the sector. In a country where there is a call for more support in terms of resources and funding to meet basic healthcare demands, these professionals see the government’s actions as neglectful, if not dismissive, of their efforts to provide essential care to the population.

The Future Needs of Ethiopia

Economic Investments Over Symbolic Gestures

Ethiopia, a nation rich in history and culture, faces crucial decisions about its economic future. As the country stands at a crossroads, it becomes evident that economic investments with tangible benefits far outweigh symbolic gestures. Building grand monuments and holding extravagant events may project an alluring image to the outside world, yet they often fail to alleviate the economic hardships of the ordinary Ethiopian citizen.

Economic investments, such as infrastructure development, education, and healthcare, present opportunities for Ethiopia to propel its citizens into a brighter, more prosperous future. These areas are impactful because they provide long-term benefits, increase job opportunities, and improve quality of life. For example, investments in education help cultivate an informed workforce, while enhancements in healthcare systems ensure a healthier population. Improvements in infrastructure not only facilitate commerce but also bridge communities, promoting national cohesion.

Balancing National Image with Practical Welfare

Balancing the nation’s image with the practical welfare of its citizens presents a unique challenge for Ethiopia. A visionary leadership should not merely focus on external perception but prioritize cultivating a sustainable society within its borders. Celebrating traditional and national pride through ceremonies and events has its place, yet the balance tips when these initiatives overshadow the essential needs of the people.

For Ethiopia to thrive, the government should engage in an approach that equates national pride with practical developments that address the specific requirements of the populace. By directing resources toward enhancing living standards, Ethiopia can maintain its illustrious image while simultaneously empowering its people. Such an alignment of priorities will foster stability and catalyze growth, ensuring Ethiopia’s enduring prosperity.

In conclusion, the future needs of Ethiopia hinge not on fleeting symbolic acts but on concrete, strategic investments that propel the nation forward. By focusing on the economic and social welfare of its people, Ethiopia can forge a future of unparalleled growth and development.